The DSM-5, or the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, is a widely used classification system for mental disorders published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA). It provides criteria for the diagnosis of various mental health disorders based on symptoms and behavioral patterns. Here’s a brief overview of the categories you mentioned according to the DSM-5:
Neurodevelopmental Disorders: These include conditions that typically emerge in childhood and are characterized by developmental deficits or delays in areas such as communication, social interaction, and behavior. Examples include autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and intellectual disability.
Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders: This category encompasses disorders characterized by disturbances in perception, thinking, and behavior. Schizophrenia is the most well-known disorder in this category, marked by hallucinations, delusions, disorganized thinking, and impaired social functioning.
Depressive Disorders: These disorders involve persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and a loss of interest or pleasure in activities. Major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder (formerly known as dysthymia) are examples.
Anxiety Disorders: Anxiety disorders involve excessive fear or worry that is difficult to control and may interfere with daily life. Examples include generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, specific phobias, and social anxiety disorder.
Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders: This category includes conditions characterized by intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors or mental acts (compulsions). Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder are examples.
Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders: These disorders develop in response to exposure to traumatic or stressful events. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder, and adjustment disorders are included in this category.
Dissociative Disorders: These disorders involve disruptions or discontinuities in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception of the environment. Dissociative identity disorder (formerly known as multiple personality disorder) and dissociative amnesia are examples.
Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders: Conditions in this category involve physical symptoms that cannot be fully explained by medical conditions. Examples include somatic symptom disorder, illness anxiety disorder (hypochondriasis), and conversion disorder.
Feeding and Eating Disorders: These disorders involve disturbances in eating behavior and body image. Anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge-eating disorder, and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder are included.
Sleep-Wake Disorders: These disorders involve disruptions in sleep patterns that cause distress or impairment in functioning. Examples include insomnia disorder, narcolepsy, and restless legs syndrome.
Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders: This category includes disorders related to the use of psychoactive substances, such as alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and stimulants. Substance use disorders encompass a range of problematic behaviors related to substance abuse or dependence.
Personality Disorders: Personality disorders involve enduring patterns of behavior, cognition, and inner experience that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impairment. Examples include borderline personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and narcissistic personality disorder.
Paraphilic Disorders: Paraphilic disorders involve atypical sexual interests or behaviors that cause distress or impairment. Examples include voyeuristic disorder, exhibitionistic disorder, and fetishistic disorder.
Bipolar and Related Disorders: These disorders involve mood disturbances characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania (elevated, expansive, or irritable mood) and often include depressive episodes. Bipolar I disorder, bipolar II disorder, and cyclothymic disorder are included in this category.
Each of these categories contains specific diagnostic criteria outlined in the DSM-5, which clinicians use to assess and diagnose mental health conditions. It’s important to note that diagnosis should be made by qualified mental health professionals based on a thorough evaluation of an individual’s symptoms and history.